{"id":1580,"date":"2024-09-09T10:06:11","date_gmt":"2024-09-09T03:06:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/soulandskills.vn\/?p=1580"},"modified":"2024-09-09T10:07:54","modified_gmt":"2024-09-09T03:07:54","slug":"lieu-co-quan-trong-khi-con-tin-vao-suc-manh-cua-su-kien-tri-va-luyen-tap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/soulandskills.vn\/en\/lieu-co-quan-trong-khi-con-tin-vao-suc-manh-cua-su-kien-tri-va-luyen-tap\/","title":{"rendered":"LI\u1ec6U C\u00d3 QUAN TR\u1eccNG KHI CON TIN V\u00c0O S\u1ee8C M\u1ea0NH C\u1ee6A S\u1ef0 KI\u00caN TR\u00cc V\u00c0 LUY\u1ec6N T\u1eacP?"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c con gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, tham gia th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 sai s\u00f3t, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u01b0 duy n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh t\u00edch cao h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh. T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng? Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Gwen Dewar ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eaft d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 g\u1ee3i \u00fd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c em \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0 duy: Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c hay n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh?
\nM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh l\u00e0 b\u1ea9m sinh v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh – r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n sinh ra \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng tin r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 – nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00f4 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh – l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng? Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0 duy c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh so v\u1edbi t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n
\nTheo \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Carol Dweck, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh th\u1eed th\u00e1ch h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta tin r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u1ea1i sao?<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn (ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 tin) v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Dweck l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c (sai l\u1ea7m, tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu con m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t v\u1edbi t\u01b0 duy c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3. Con coi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y con thi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea9m sinh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, con s\u1ebd tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Con kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn danh ti\u1ebfng ho\u1eb7c l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec v\u1eady b\u1ea1n g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0 Dweck l\u01b0u \u00fd trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n – trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh, t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1: T\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i? T\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng minh hay ng\u1ed1c ngh\u1ebfch? T\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn hay b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i? T\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng hay k\u1ebb thua cu\u1ed9c?\u201d (Carol Dweck, Mindset, 2007).<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Dweck l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh x\u1eed r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 sai l\u1ea7m, th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta coi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp – nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng khoan \u0111\u00e3: Khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh sao? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u2014 nh\u01b0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd chung v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ed nh\u1edb l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u2014 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u khi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 “tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh” ho\u1eb7c “hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7” \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 l\u00fd khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ed nh\u1edb l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i l\u01b0u \u00fd b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u2014 c\u00f9ng s\u1edf th\u00edch, m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m, n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 th\u00fa v\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed5 \u00edch h\u01a1n, do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n \u00edt th\u1eddi gian, c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ch\u00fa \u00fd h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ng\u1eebng luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng “k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m” ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra c\u00e1c ph\u00edm t\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00fa \u00fd nhanh ch\u00f3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e3o n\u00e0y, tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (Taylor v\u00e0 Vestergaard 2022) v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh l\u00e0 “c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh”. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1m vi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201ckh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.
\nTrong l\u1eddi n\u00f3i h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201ctr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh\u201d v\u00e0 \u201chi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201ctr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh\u201d c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hay kh\u00f4ng \u2014 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Robert Sternberg g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf\u201d. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a con bao g\u1ed3m t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n. Ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, ph\u00e2n k\u1ef3. Ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean (Sternberg 1988; Halpern v\u00e0 Dunn 2021). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao \u2014 \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u2014 th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c bao tr\u00f9m \u2014 bao g\u1ed3m ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u00edm t\u1eaft, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh k\u1ebft tinh\u201d v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch. V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tin r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n

Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y r\u1eb1ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00fang v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c, s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec1u \u2014 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u00ec c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 logic v\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/p>\n

L\u00fd tr\u00ed r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh, nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 IQ cao c\u0169ng m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m logic ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n \u2014 nh\u01b0 logic, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u2014 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c m\u1eb9o v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/p>\n

Con c\u00f3 gi\u1ecfi “suy ngh\u0129 nhanh nh\u1ea1y” kh\u00f4ng? X\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi? Theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra? Nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ed nh\u1edb l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u2014 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin (r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf) m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o (M\u00fcller et al 2022), nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Gwen Dewar, “M\u1eb9o v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c”.<\/p>\n

T\u1eadp \u200b\u200bth\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c, vui ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u1edf ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh t\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, c\u01a1 quan t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00ednh gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta ch\u00fa \u00fd, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 sao nh\u00e3ng. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp aerobic th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u1edf trong kh\u00f4ng gian xanh. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1eadp trung h\u01a1n \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta cho ch\u00fang c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc theo th\u1eddi gian \u2014 thay v\u00ec nh\u1ed3i nh\u00e9t m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc \u2014 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u201cd\u00ednh\u201d.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh, \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, \u201cH\u1ecdc theo kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch: T\u1ea1i sao tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n \u2014 c\u00f3 gi\u1edd ngh\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i lao\u201d.<\/p>\n

C\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh m\u00e3 h\u00f3a k\u00fd \u1ee9c, n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng gian<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu con t\u1eebng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1edbi, con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u1eed ch\u1ec9. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian \u2014 v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc to\u00e1n \u2014 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tay.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u00fang gi\u1edd th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ghi nh\u1edb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ghi nh\u1edb th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ng\u1ee7 ngay sau khi h\u1ecdc (Gais v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 2006; Kurdziel v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 2013; Farhadian v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 2021). Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. C\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft h\u01a1n \u2014 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u1ea9n trong th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 (Beijamini v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 2021; Beijamini v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 2014; Wagner v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 2004).<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean chu\u1ed9t cho th\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o v\u00e0 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb (Huber v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 2007; Dong v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 2012) v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, sau khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu \u2014 ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 \u2014 h\u1ecd d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 (Lorents v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 2023).<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp sau n\u00e0y. Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n \u1edf th\u00e1ng th\u1ee9 5 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n cao h\u01a1n \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 14 (Bornstein v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 2013). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111\u00fang ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn di truy\u1ec1n tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh (ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 IQ ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n).<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00f2 m\u00f2 gi\u00fap bi\u1ebfn n\u00e3o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t “mi\u1ebfng b\u1ecdt bi\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin”<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ghi nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 h\u1ecd t\u00f2 m\u00f2. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan m\u00e0 h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u2014 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi khi\u1ebfn n\u00e3o ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n (Grubet v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 2014). Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y tr\u1ebb em ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc s\u1edbm khi ch\u00fang th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 cao h\u01a1n (Shaw v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 2018).<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, “t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n” ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u v\u1eabn c\u00f2n g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch tr\u1ebb em h\u1ecdc hay n\u00e2ng cao th\u00e0nh t\u00edch hay kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3?<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/p>\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc. V\u00e0 trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 quan. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Na Uy.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u1edf m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia \u2014 h\u01a1n 14.000 h\u1ecdc sinh l\u1edbp 9 t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 5.000 h\u1ecdc sinh Na Uy trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 15 \u0111\u1ebfn 17. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n sau:<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ebd c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y theo th\u1eddi gian).
\nTr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t “c\u01a1 b\u1eafp” \u2014 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khi ch\u00fang ta th\u1eed th\u00e1ch n\u00f3.
\nTh\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 u\u1ed1n n\u1eafn c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean.
\nTr\u00edch d\u1eabn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.
\nS\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c can thi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Sau can thi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y, h\u1ecdc sinh quay l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 4 tu\u1ea7n sau, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i. Trong bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 hai n\u00e0y, tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho xem nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i to\u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau \u2014 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n theo \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: “Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3, con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u” so v\u1edbi “r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u”). C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1ebb em t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t phi\u1ebfu b\u00e0i t\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u00fang th\u00edch.<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m. Li\u1ec7u tr\u1ebb em ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n mong mu\u1ed1n gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7y th\u1eed th\u00e1ch h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng?
\nC\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 “c\u00f3” \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia: Tr\u1ebb em ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn \u00edt b\u00e0i to\u00e1n d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i to\u00e1n kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Sau khi can thi\u1ec7p, tr\u1ebb em trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc to\u00e1n n\u00e2ng cao h\u01a1n. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd t\u0103ng t\u1edbi 3% (Yeager v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 2019; Rege v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 2021).<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u1ebb em ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng?
\nC\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 hy v\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 1: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00e1i chi\u1ec1u.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c ch\u01b0a b\u00e1o c\u00e1o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh t\u00edch.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 h\u01a1n 600 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 huynh tham gia \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a con nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

Can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng khi ph\u1ee5 huynh tin r\u1eb1ng (1) kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 (2) vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh t\u00edch sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o trong c\u00e1ch Ba M\u1eb9 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 con ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00f4n to\u00e1n. Con c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec3m to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (MacDonald v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 2024).<\/p>\n

Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, Brooke Macnamara v\u00e0 Alex Burgoyne k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u00e0o cho \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e2ng cao th\u00e0nh t\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp (Macnamara v\u00e0 Burgoyne 2023).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng \u2014 trung b\u00ecnh \u2014 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u00edch. B\u00ed quy\u1ebft l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Theo Nigel Lou v\u00e0 Liman Li, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u00edch cao nh\u1ea5t \u1edf nh\u1eefng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u1edf nh\u1eefng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng tin r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u00edch trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y. Tr\u1ebb em c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 \u00edt m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh (Lou v\u00e0 Li 2023).<\/p>\n

Li\u1ec7u t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u1ee7i ro tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u1ee7i ro tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh t\u00edch k\u00e9m. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ea5p \u2014 v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u2014 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy (Burnett v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 2023).<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ebb em kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1ea5t khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n \u2014 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i (Sisk v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 2018).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan s\u00e1t \u2014 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

R\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c, t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00ec n\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ecdc sinh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec sao?<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb r\u1eb1ng em c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ed1. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu em kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i em \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y. C\u00f4 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u2014 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0o n\u00f3 \u2014 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 2: Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i<\/strong><\/p>\n

David Moreau n\u00eau quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong b\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ho\u00e0i nghi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang g\u1eb7p r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng khi \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em \u2014 v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang \u2014 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta cho r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ebb em kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u1eeb b\u1ecf qu\u00e1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 nhau. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb em s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho h\u1ecdc sinh khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean mong \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u01b0 duy s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho tr\u1ebb em ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec \u2014 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u2014 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?
\nT\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0i nghi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u2014 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \u2014 th\u00ec t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng trung b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Th\u00e0nh t\u00edch c\u0169ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta cung c\u1ea5p vitamin t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p cho m\u1ecdi tr\u1ebb em trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u00edch cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb suy dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng; th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t nh\u1eb9; v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i (ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n) \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ebb em kh\u00e1c. C\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng chung c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c y\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh vitamin t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng? V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3, th\u00ec \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft “t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n”, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y tr\u1ebb em v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c. N\u1ebfu tr\u1ebb em cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e1ng th\u1eed m\u1edbi d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, th\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u. Ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri t\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta tr\u1ea5n an tr\u1ebb r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 cho tr\u1ebb th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec?
\nT\u00f4i ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 g\u1ee3i \u00fd.<\/p>\n

1. H\u00e3y t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh tham gia.
\nB\u1ea1n c\u00f3 tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? N\u1ebfu v\u1eady, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y cho con m\u00ecnh. H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bv\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd \u1edf tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

2. Truy\u1ec1n cho con b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1c quan th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.
\nN\u00f3i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n tr\u00ed \u00f3c v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch tr\u1ebb coi sai l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi (Dweck 2006). Cung c\u1ea5p cho tr\u1ebb nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

3. \u0110\u1eebng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7.
\nTr\u1ebb em ph\u1ea3i mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec th\u00fa v\u1ecb trong m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang h\u1ecdc. V\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n gi\u00fap h\u1ecd t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111ang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd mong mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, s\u1edf th\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd?<\/p>\n

4. Khi tr\u1ebb em th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00ec s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eebng c\u1ee9 kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng b\u1eaft ch\u00fang l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt c\u0169. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang b\u1ebf t\u1eafc, h\u00e3y khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ch\u00fang th\u1eed m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1c.
\nVi\u1ec7c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ee9 th\u1eed nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

5. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1eddi khen m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4n ngoan.
\nL\u1eddi khen c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u1eddi khen kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. Khi ch\u00fang ta khen tr\u1ebb em v\u00ec tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang qu\u00e1 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u1ee3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i h\u01a1n \u2014 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang l\u00e0 k\u1ebb m\u1ea1o danh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang r\u1ee5t r\u00e8 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, khen tr\u1ebb em v\u00ec n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh. Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y theo d\u00f5i tr\u1ebb em t\u1eeb 1 tu\u1ed5i, nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb em nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi khen ng\u1ee3i v\u00ec n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ch\u1eadp ch\u1eefng bi\u1ebft \u0111i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khi ch\u00fang h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp 2 v\u00e0 l\u1edbp 3. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p (Gunderson v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 2013).<\/p>\n

M\u1eddi ba m\u1eb9 h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng con trong Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc Online \u2013 K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Soul and Skills \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u00e9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp \u1ee9ng x\u1eed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea3m x\u00fac m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t nh\u00e9!.<\/p>\n

(Ngu\u1ed3n: Parenting Science<\/a>)<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c con gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, tham gia th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 sai s\u00f3t, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u01b0 duy n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh t\u00edch cao h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh. T\u1ea1i sao …<\/p>\n

LI\u1ec6U C\u00d3 QUAN TR\u1eccNG KHI CON TIN V\u00c0O S\u1ee8C M\u1ea0NH C\u1ee6A S\u1ef0 KI\u00caN TR\u00cc V\u00c0 LUY\u1ec6N T\u1eacP?<\/span> Read More »<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":485,"featured_media":1585,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1580","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"yoast_head":"\nLI\u1ec6U C\u00d3 QUAN TR\u1eccNG KHI CON TIN V\u00c0O S\u1ee8C M\u1ea0NH C\u1ee6A S\u1ef0 KI\u00caN TR\u00cc V\u00c0 LUY\u1ec6N T\u1eacP? - Soul and Skills<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/soulandskills.vn\/en\/lieu-co-quan-trong-khi-con-tin-vao-suc-manh-cua-su-kien-tri-va-luyen-tap\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"LI\u1ec6U C\u00d3 QUAN TR\u1eccNG KHI CON TIN V\u00c0O S\u1ee8C M\u1ea0NH C\u1ee6A S\u1ef0 KI\u00caN TR\u00cc V\u00c0 LUY\u1ec6N T\u1eacP? - Soul and Skills\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"T\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c con gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, tham gia th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 sai s\u00f3t, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. 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